Standard State of all Elements 118

In chemistry, a material's standard state (pure substance, mixture, or solution) serves as a benchmark for estimating its properties under various circumstances. A thermodynamic quantity in the standard state, such as change in enthalpy (H°), change in entropy (S°), or change in Gibbs free energy (G°), is denoted by a superscript circle ° (degree symbol) or a Plimsoll () character. Although the Plimsoll is advised in standards, the degree symbol has gained popularity; see the topic concerning typesetting below.

Standard State of all Elements

Atomic No	Name	Symbol	Standard State
1	Hydrogen	H	Gas
2	Helium	He	Gas
3	Lithium	Li	Solid
4	Beryllium	Be	Solid
5	Boron	B	Solid
6	Carbon	C	Solid
7	Nitrogen	N	Gas
8	Oxygen	O	Gas
9	Fluorine	F	Gas
10	Neon	Ne	Gas
11	Sodium	Na	Solid
12	Magnesium	Mg	Solid
13	Aluminum	Al	Solid
14	Silicon	Si	Solid
15	Phosphorus	P	Solid
16	Sulfur	S	Solid
17	Chlorine	Cl	Gas
18	Argon	Ar	Gas
19	Potassium	K	Solid
20	Calcium	Ca	Solid
21	Scandium	Sc	Solid
22	Titanium	Ti	Solid
23	Vanadium	V	Solid
24	Chromium	Cr	Solid
25	Manganese	Mn	Solid
26	Iron	Fe	Solid
27	Cobalt	Co	Solid
28	Nickel	Ni	Solid
29	Copper	Cu	Solid
30	Zinc	Zn	Solid
31	Gallium	Ga	Solid
32	Germanium	Ge	Solid
33	Arsenic	As	Solid
34	Selenium	Se	Solid
35	Bromine	Br	Liquid
36	Krypton	Kr	Gas
37	Rubidium	Rb	Solid
38	Strontium	Sr	Solid
39	Yttrium	Y	Solid
40	Zirconium	Zr	Solid
41	Niobium	Nb	Solid
42	Molybdenum	Mo	Solid
43	Technetium	Tc	Solid
44	Ruthenium	Ru	Solid
45	Rhodium	Rh	Solid
46	Palladium	Pd	Solid
47	Silver	Ag	Solid
48	Cadmium	Cd	Solid
49	Indium	In	Solid
50	Tin	Sn	Solid
51	Antimony	Sb	Solid
52	Tellurium	Te	Solid
53	Iodine	I	Solid
54	Xenon	Xe	Gas
55	Cesium	Cs	Solid
56	Barium	Ba	Solid
57	Lanthanum	La	Solid
58	Cerium	Ce	Solid
59	Praseodymium	Pr	Solid
60	Neodymium	Nd	Solid
61	Promethium	Pm	Solid
62	Samarium	Sm	Solid
63	Europium	Eu	Solid
64	Gadolinium	Gd	Solid
65	Terbium	Tb	Solid
66	Dysprosium	Dy	Solid
67	Holmium	Ho	Solid
68	Erbium	Er	Solid
69	Thulium	Tm	Solid
70	Ytterbium	Yb	Solid
71	Lutetium	Lu	Solid
72	Hafnium	Hf	Solid
73	Tantalum	Ta	Solid
74	Tungsten	W	Solid
75	Rhenium	Re	Solid
76	Osmium	Os	Solid
77	Iridium	Ir	Solid
78	Platinum	Pt	Solid
79	Gold	Au	Solid
80	Mercury	Hg	Liquid
81	Thallium	Tl	Solid
82	Lead	Pb	Solid
83	Bismuth	Bi	Solid
84	Polonium	Po	Solid
85	Astatine	At	Solid
86	Radon	Rn	Gas
87	Francium	Fr	Solid
88	Radium	Ra	Solid
89	Actinium	Ac	Solid
90	Thorium	Th	Solid
91	Protactinium	Pa	Solid
92	Uranium	U	Solid
93	Neptunium	Np	Solid
94	Plutonium	Pu	Solid
95	Americium	Am	Solid
96	Curium	Cm	Solid
97	Berkelium	Bk	Solid
98	Californium	Cf	Solid
99	Einsteinium	Es	Solid
100	Fermium	Fm	Solid
101	Mendelevium	Md	Solid
102	Nobelium	No	Solid
103	Lawrencium	Lr	Solid
104	Rutherfordium	Rf	Solid
105	Dubnium	Db	Solid
106	Seaborgium	Sg	Solid
107	Bohrium	Bh	Solid
108	Hassium	Hs	Solid
109	Meitnerium	Mt	Solid
110	Darmstadtium	Ds	Solid
111	Roentgenium	Rg	Solid
112	Copernicium	Cn	Solid
113	Nihonium	Nh	Solid
114	Flerovium	Fl	Solid
115	Moscovium	Mc	Solid
116	Livermorium	Lv	Solid
117	Tennessine	Ts	Solid
118	Oganesson	Og	Gas

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Standard State of all Elements 118

Standard State of all Elements

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