Yeast
Yeast is a single-celled
microscopic organisms, belonging to the kingdom of fungi, and they are found
throughout nature, and live in soil, vegetation, aquatic systems, and the
bodies of humans and animals. Scientists have discovered about 1500 types of
yeast, which constitute about 1% of all kinds of fungi.
Yeast multiplies rapidly when
sugar is available in a humid environment, and also feeds on starch, which
turns into glucose.[2] It is noteworthy that 450 g of yeast contains 3200 billion
cells,[2] and most types of yeast reproduce asexually, by budding. There are a
few types of yeast that reproduce by fission, so that the mother cell divides
into two equal cells, and like fungi, yeast is a eukaryotic organism. which are
usually only about 0.075 mm in diameter.[3]
Some types of yeast and their uses
1. Brewer's Yeast
Yeast is made from a fungus called
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is the most common type of food supplement. It is
a rich source of minerals, such as: selenium, vitamin B, and chromium, a
mineral that helps maintain blood sugar levels. [4]
2. Baker's Yeast
It is used as a leavening agent
for bread, as it increases the volume of dough during baking, by consuming
sugar in the dough, and excreting carbon dioxide and ethanol, which causes air
bubbles to form in the dough, which is called the fermentation process. It is
worth noting that this yeast is rich in minerals and folic.[4]
3. Nutritional Yeast
It is used to add cheese flavor
and nutritional value to meals, as it contains B vitamins and selenium, and is
available in the form of flakes, powder, or liquids.[4]
The importance of yeast and its uses
1. Yeast is used in many food industries; Such as the
bread industry, the vitamin industry, milk, and cheese, and its benefits
include the production of single-celled protein, fat, glycerin, enzymes, and
industrial alcohol.
2. It is nutritionally and medically beneficial; Yeast is
rich in iron, and helps patients with anemia (iron deficiency anemia) to treat,
and also helps treat cholesterol; Where a small piece of yeast can be dissolved
in the blood, and yeast provides prevention of cardiovascular diseases, as well
as those who suffer from laziness, as yeast has an effective effect in treating
laziness and stimulating blood circulation. As for sleep, yeast eliminates
insomnia and helps you sleep comfortably and relax, and yeast also protects you
from diabetes and cancer, improves mood, and is useful in treating gout and
obesity; Since in the presence of yeast you quickly feel full, and yeast
provides you with many organic vitamins except for vitamin B12, and also
provides you with minerals, protein, amino acids, phosphorus, chromium, zinc,
potassium, and nickel acid, and is considered a soothing nerve, and a treatment
for the intestines, migraines, headaches and skin allergies, It strengthens the
immune system, and helps in the growth of the body and the renewal of tissues.
3. It is useful in the field of skin and beauty; Yeast is
useful in removing acne, lightening the skin, and losing weight, and yeast is
used to puff the cheeks and face, and delay the manifestations of aging.
It is useful in the pharmaceutical
industry; Yeast is very important in the pharmaceutical industry, especially
penicillin. It should be noted that the French scientist Louis Pasteur provided
a great service to the world when he discovered the phenomenon of fermentation,
and he was able to clarify it so that scientists were recently able to control
the fermentation.
Yeast damage
Yeast is harmful to those who are
allergic to yeasts, and to those who suffer from high blood pressure, and may
cause gas and bloating in the abdomen, and may lead to a decrease in sugar in
diabetics when increased intake. Be careful when taking yeast from the low
level of calcium in the blood; Because it expels it from the body, so it is
recommended to add calcium to your diet.
Yeast sources
1. Brewers yeast: It is a type of yeast resulting from the process of making beer from
hops, and it is considered a nutritional yeast.
2. Torula yeast: It is a
yeast that grows on wood pulp that is used to make molasses.
3. Whey yeast: The
yeast produced by mixing milk and cheese.
4. Liquid yeast: Natural
yeasts resulting from feeding on some types of fruits such as oranges and
grapefruit, and they are produced in Switzerland and Germany.
Bread yeast industry
1. Milk
Ingredients:
1. Sour milk, or buttermilk.
2. White flour.
Prepare:
1. Put the milk and flour in a deep bowl, and mix them
together until a soft dough is formed.
2. Cover the dough with a piece of nylon, then put it in
a warm place for an hour until it ferments.
3. Take a quantity of dough and add it to the dough to be
fermented.
2. Dates and barley flour
Ingredients:
1. Barley flour.
2. Seedless dates.
3. lukewarm water
How to prepare:
1. Knead barley flour with lukewarm water.
2. Shape the dough into flat and thin discs.
3. Put a date grain on the surface of each dough disk.
4. Cover the dough disks with a clean cloth and leave
them for five hours in a warm place. Remove the dates from the dough, then
knead it again.
5. Cover the dough with a clean cloth and leave it
overnight to ferment.
6. You can replace dates with raisins, dried figs, or
dried or dried green beans.
3. White and brown flour
Ingredients:
1. Half a cup of white flour.
2. Half a cup of brown flour.
3. lukewarm water
How to prepare:
1. Mix the white and brown flour in a deep bowl.
2. Knead the flour with water until a sticky dough is
formed.
3. Cover the dough with a piece of nylon paper, then put
it in a warm place for four days until it ferments.
4. You can store the resulting yeast for twenty days in
the refrigerator.
4. Flour, salt and water
The ingredients:
1. A cup of white flour.
2. Pinch of salt.
3. lukewarm water
How to prepare:
1. Knead the flour with water and salt in the usual way
until you get a soft dough.
2. Cover the dough with a clean cloth and put it in a
warm place for twenty-four hours.
3. Keep the resulting yeast in the refrigerator until use.
4. You can use the paste for a month from the date it was
made.
References
1. Joseph Castro (20-12-2013), "What Is
Yeast?"، www.livescience.com, Retrieved 12-3-2018. Edited.
2. PEGGY TROWBRIDGE FILIPPONE (10-3-2017), "Leavening -
What is Yeast?"، www.thespruce.com, Retrieved 12-3-2018. Edited.
3. "Yeast",
www.britannica.com, Retrieved 12-3-2018. Edited.
4. JANET RENEE (3-10-2017), "Is
Eating Yeast Bad for You?"، www.livestrong.com, Retrieved 12-3-2018. Edited.
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