How to write an electronic configuration?
For the purpose of writing the
electronic configuration of any atom, you must know the atomic number of that
atom, whereas the number of electrons of an atom is equal to their atomic
number (number of protons) if electrically equivalent.
Well it should we know that the
basic process in writing an electronic structure of an atom is that we start by
filling the orbitals with electrons of the less energy and then the most
energy, thus where they are arranged as follows:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d
In the case of secondary levels
containing more than one orbital such as levels (p, d and f) electrons enter
individually in these orbitals to avoid electric repulsion between charges
according to the Hund’s rule.
This rule states that there is
no duplication between two electrons in the secondary energy level only after
orbitals occupies an individual firstly.
Even if all orbitals of the
secondary level now have an one electron in each of them as at the secondary
level p3
then the fourth electron enters to
double with one electron that preceded it to make full orbitals in the
secondary level p4
and to overcome the repulsion
between the two electron charges within a single orbital, the two electrons are
represented by two opposite arrows.
Example 1
Write the electronic
configurations for the following elements:
V= 23
K=19
Ar= 18
Solution:
If we note in the previous example
of the elements that 23V, 19K That the electronic configuration of the first 18
electrons of them is (1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6). This is the electronic
configuration of [Ar] so we can simplify this configuration. So we will write
the order of the first 18 electrons of potassium 19K and vanadium 23V as well
as for the elements beyond which to [Kr]
As follows:
Example 2
Write the electronic configuration
of the elements
Cu= 29
Cr= 24
Solution:
Note that level d needs an electron to become half saturated and atoms when their secondary levels are half full or full be more stable so we write the configuration as follows:
Example 3
Write the electronic configuration
for:
Ag= 47
Kr= 36
Solution:
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