Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate is one of the chemical compounds with
the molecular formula (NaHCO3 or CHNaO3), and is also known by several other
common names including; Baking soda, bicarbonate of soda, monosodium salt of
carbonic acid, sodium acid carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, etc., is a
white crystalline powder, consisting of the monosodium salt of carbonic acid,
odorless and with a bitter alkaline taste, soluble in water To produce sodium
and bicarbonate ions, these ions help to increase plasma bicarbonate and reduce
hydrogen ion concentration, which increases the pH in the blood. Because of the
low hydrogen ion concentration, it makes the solution an alkaline solution
capable of reducing acidity, so it is used as an antacid and treat stomach
acidity.
Sodium bicarbonate properties
Sodium
bicarbonate has physical and chemical properties that we explain below:
1.
Physical
properties of sodium bicarbonate
The physical properties of the material are known as the
properties that are apparent and that are not included in the composition of
the material and can be distinguished without making any change in the
composition and composition of the material. Sodium bicarbonate has the
following physical properties:
·
Color: Sodium
bicarbonate is present as a white crystalline powder or as white crystalline
lumps.
·
Odor: Odorless.
·
Taste: It has a bitter
and salty flavour.
·
State of matter: Its state at
room temperature is solid, but it has the ability to dissolve in water, and
separates from water through the process of evaporation.
2.
Chemical
properties of sodium bicarbonate
The chemical properties of a substance are defined as the
properties capable of changing the chemical composition of a substance. Sodium
bicarbonate has the following chemical properties:
·
Decomposition: When heated to
50°C, sodium bicarbonate decomposes to form carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O),
and sodium carbonate (NaCO3) in trace amounts.
·
pH: pH can be
measured by knowing the concentration of hydrogen ions (H +) in a solution, and
this property is known as pH. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where the value
7 is the neutral or neutral level, and any value less than 7 indicates to acid,
and any value above 7 indicates base or alkalinity, and accordingly sodium
bicarbonate is alkaline, because the pH of a molar solution containing 1%
baking soda in water at room temperature is 8.3 which is greater than 7 and it
is alkaline .
How to prepare sodium bicarbonate in the laboratory
Sodium carbonate is prepared mainly using the ammonia-soda
process or the Solvay process, and through sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate
is prepared, which are described in the following steps:
1.
Necessary tools
and components
·
Limestone (calcium carbonate,
CaCO3).
·
carbon dioxide (CO2).
·
Ammonia (NH3).
·
Water (H2O).
·
Sodium chloride (NaCl).
2.
Preparation steps
1.
Heating limestone to produce carbon
dioxide.
2.
Dissolving carbon dioxide in water
to produce carbonic acid (H2CO3).
3.
Separation of carbonic acid to
produce hydrogen carbonate ions.
4.
Adding ammonia NH3 to the hydrogen
carbonate ions, which leads to the displacement of the reaction between the
previous two reactions to produce an aqueous solution of ammonium hydrogen
carbonate NH4HCO3.
5.
Add sodium chloride NaCl to
aqueous NH4HCO3 ammonium hydrogen carbonate to produce NaHCO3 sodium
bicarbonate and NHCl ammonium chloride, according to the following equation:
CO2 + H2O + NH3 + NaCl → NaHCO3 + NHCl.
6.
Heating sodium bicarbonate to
decompose and form sodium carbonate, according to the following equation:
2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + CO2 +
H2O
7.
Recycling the resulting carbon
dioxide to produce NaHCO3.
Sodium bicarbonate uses
Sodium bicarbonate has many useful uses in several areas,
which are shown in the following:
1.
Industry
The following are the uses of sodium bicarbonate in
industry:
·
Fire extinguishers contain sodium
bicarbonate, which helps extinguish fires, through the decomposition of sodium
bicarbonate at a high temperature and the production of carbon dioxide, which
reduces the oxygen that enhances the fire and then puts it out.
·
Sodium bicarbonate is used
efficiently in the treatment of flue gas. The devices that purify the flue gas
use sodium bicarbonate, which in turn reacts with acidic and sulfur pollutants
and absorbs them.
·
It is used to treat mud
contaminated with calcium ions from cement or lime during the drilling
industry. Sodium bicarbonate reacts with calcium ions to produce inert calcium
deposits that can be removed easily.
Medicine
The following are the medicinal uses of sodium bicarbonate:
·
The high level of sodium in baking
soda helps neutralize acid and treat heartburn.
·
It is used as an alternative to
mouthwash and dental cleaning, which is better than using a brush for its
ability to reach all areas of the mouth from the corners and crevices of the
teeth, tongue and gums.
·
Helps soothe the pain of canker
sores.
·
It is used in teeth whitening,
through its ability to break the bonds of molecules that form bacteria on the
teeth, as it has anti-bacterial and anti-microbial properties.
·
Used as a deodorant, acidic
bacteria break down sweat and make it smell bad, and sodium bicarbonate reduces
the acidity of the bacteria and reduces odor.
·
It is used to relieve itching
caused by insect bites and stings such as bees, and to soothe itching caused by
sunburn.
·
Taking sodium bicarbonate
supplements reduces the risk of developing chronic kidney disease.
·
It is used in cancer chemotherapy
for its ability to kill cancer cells and stop their growth.
·
It helps to get rid of allergies
caused by some plants.
·
It is used to treat conditions
caused by an overdose of aspirin.
·
It is used to remove pieces of
splinters from the skin.
Household uses
Here are the household uses for baking soda:
·
Eliminates unpleasant refrigerator
odors through its ability to neutralize odors and freshen refrigerator odors.
·
It is a safe and highly efficient
air freshener, as it neutralizes and eliminates unpleasant air odors.
·
It helps in cleaning and bleaching
clothes through its ability to remove dirt and stains as an alkaline substance
capable of reacting with the acids produced by these dirt.
·
It helps get rid of tough stains
on carpets, by mixing it with vinegar and producing carbonic acid, which is one
of the main ingredients in cleaning products.
·
They are used as detergents that
help clean kitchen and bathroom surfaces.
·
Helps clean fruits and vegetables
from pesticides.
·
It is used in the production of
bread yeast that ferments bread and in the production of baking powder that is
used in cooking.
Conclusion
Sodium bicarbonate is used in many fields, whether in the
medical, industrial or domestic fields. It is a white powder, odorless and
bitter in taste. It can be dissolved in water and drunk to reduce acidity.
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