Aspirin
Aspirin is one of the most famous
and most popular drugs in the world; It is attributed to the group of medicines
known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and shares with them the
function as it is used as a fever reducer, pain reliever and anti-inflammatory,
since ancient times, and it is still a distinct treatment over its alternatives
from other medicines, and aspirin is distinguished over the medicines of this
group as It is used to reduce clots that result in heart attacks, and aspirin
has been one of the most produced and sold drugs in the world for nearly a
century, when German pharmacists at the Bayer Chemical Factory gave this name
to salicylic acetate. [1]
Aspirin extract
In the year (400) BC, a scientist
of Greek origin, Hippocrates, discovered one of the secrets of nature, through
which he provided medicine to man. Where he discovered that chewing the leaves
of willow trees, which contain the active compound salicylic acid, which
relieves pain; Where he first tried it on himself when he felt better after
chewing and his pain was gone, and he recorded this discovery in his medical
books, and since then scientists have conducted a lot of chemical experiments
in order to modify the chemical formula of the compound such as adding sodium
to acid in order to mitigate its effects Side effects on the stomach wall, as
its use is accompanied by stomach pain and may cause bleeding in the stomach
wall and stomach ulcers.
In the year 1897 AD, the German
scientist, Felix Hoffmann, produced a pill extracted from the leaves of willow
trees, which he modified to become the world-renowned medicine of aspirin,
salicylic acetate, to be a treatment for pain and fever together. Aspirin
produces about 50 thousand tons per year, and is used to prevent blood clotting
problems, in addition to colon cancer.[2]
Aspirin Dosages
Aspirin is characterized as
anti-inflammatory, headache reliever, pain reliever, anti-fever in infectious
diseases and prevents blood clotting, which results in increased fluidity, and
thus protects the heart from attacks and sudden death, especially arterial
blockage and angina pectoris, in addition to lupus erythematosus, Which leads
to redness of the skin, and aspirin is taken through a prescription, and the
recommended doses of aspirin vary depending on the cause.
In the case of relieving pain,
reducing fever and treating inflammation, the doses are high: two 325 mg
tablets three to four times a day when necessary. In the event that it is used
as a long-term preventive treatment to prevent blood clots, heart attacks and
strokes, the doses are low and daily, all with the advice of a specialist
doctor; Because it has a side effect such as gastritis, and therefore it must
be under medical and expert supervision; Because it may lead to bleeding or
bleeding in the brain if taken in the wrong way, and among the patients who
must be taken into account when giving aspirin to them: kidney patients, asthma
patients, liver patients, or those who are allergic to willow and aspirin, so
as not to be exposed to danger, In addition to taking into account the effect
of aspirin on the body as a whole, and its organs and functions; As high doses
of aspirin may lead to ringing in the ears or hearing loss.[3]
Some studies have published that
patients with angina pectoris and acute heart attacks, who suffer from lack of
blood access to the heart or who are prone to clots, have been rescued by
aspirin more extensively than was expected; In patients with heart attacks, treatment
is done by chewing two aspirin tablets; Because chewing it helps absorb it more
quickly than swallowing.[4]
Medicinal uses
Aspirin is used in the following: [5]
1. Antipyretic and has no effect on the normal body
temperature.
2. Pain reliever.
3. Anti-inflammatory, so it is used in diseases of an
inflammatory nature such as gout, rheumatism and osteoarthritis to treat
rheumatic fever.
4. Anticoagulant because it prevents blood clots from
clotting, so it is used in low doses as a preventive measure to reduce the risk
of stroke and to reduce the risk of acute heart attacks, especially in people
most vulnerable to infection.
Aspirin use for children
It is not recommended to use
aspirin to treat fever and relieve pain in children under 16 years of age due
to the possibility of causing what is known as Reese's syndrome, a rare disease
that targets the brain and liver, and it is replaced with safer medicines such
as acetaminophen and ibuprofen.
The use of aspirin remains limited
by the doctor in certain cases, such as rheumatic fever.[6]
Aspirin use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Aspirin is considered unsafe
during pregnancy. However, it has proven its effectiveness in many studies in
controlling preeclampcia, which is a condition of high blood pressure
associated with pregnancy with the excretion of proteins in the urine. It is
also excreted in breast milk, so it should not be taken during breastfeeding.
[7]
Side effects
Its side effects include: [5]
Digestive system: Side effects that affect the digestive system include stomach pain and
nausea are common symptoms, and microscopic bleeding in the stomach is not
excluded, so it should be taken with food and large amounts of fluids.
Blood: Preventing blood clots and prolonging bleeding time. Therefore, it
must be stopped for at least one week before any surgical procedure.
Breathing: In poisoned doses, i.e. very high, it causes relapse in the
respiratory system.
Drug interactions
Because aspirin is included in the
composition of many medicines sold without a prescription or what is known as
medicines on the shelf, so you must pay attention when taking it so as not to
exceed the dose recommended for you by the doctor if you are taking it on a
daily basis, and aspirin also affects and is affected by many medicines in
terms of increasing Or a decrease in absorption, which leads to a difference in
its concentration in the blood after eating it. Some medications also affect
the amount of it excreted outside the body. Because it is a drug that is highly
bound to blood proteins, so it may lead to the displacement of other drugs from
binding to blood proteins, so the doctor must be informed of any type of
medication you are taking with aspirin. [5]
References
1. "The story of Aspirin – a versatile medicine with a long history", www.aspirin-foundation.com, Retrieved 10-3-2021. Edited.
2. Mary Bellis (30-9-2017), "The History of
Aspirin"، www.thoughtco.com, Retrieved 16-6-2018. Edited.
3. "aspirin dosage",
www.everydayhealth.com, Retrieved 16-6-2018. Edited.
4. "Aspirin
for heart attack: Chew or swallow?", www.health.harvard.edu, Retrieved
2-3-2021. Edited.
5. "Aspirin Tablet",
www.webmd.com, Retrieved 16-6-2018. Edited.
6. "Aspirin Use in Children
for Fever or Viral Syndromes", www.aafp.org, Retrieved 16-6-2018.
Edited.
7. "Aspirin Pregnancy and
Breastfeeding Warnings", www.drugs.com, Retrieved 16-6-2018. Edited.
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