الهالوجينات Halogenates

المصادر:

• Jones, Daniel (2003) [1917]. Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.). English Pronouncing Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-12-539683-8.
•  "Halogen". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
•  "Halogen". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House.
•  Emsley, John (2011). Nature's Building Blocks. ISBN 978-0199605637.
•  Schweigger, J.S.C. (1811). "Nachschreiben des Herausgebers, die neue Nomenclatur betreffend" [Postscript of the editor concerning the new nomenclature]. Journal für Chemie und Physik (in German). 3 (2): 249–255. On p. 251, Schweigger proposed the word "halogen": "Man sage dafür lieber mit richter Wortbildung Halogen (da schon in der Mineralogie durch Werner's Halit-Geschlecht dieses Wort nicht fremd ist) von αλς Salz und dem alten γενειν (dorisch γενεν) zeugen." (One should say instead, with proper morphology, "halogen" (this word is not strange since [it's] already in mineralogy via Werner's "halite" species) from αλς [als] "salt" and the old γενειν [genein] (Doric γενεν) "to beget".)
•  Snelders, H. A. M. (1971). "J. S. C. Schweigger: His Romanticism and His Crystal Electrical Theory of Matter". Isis. 62 (3): 328–338. doi:10.1086/350763. JSTOR 229946.
•  In 1826, Berzelius coined the terms Saltbildare (salt-formers) and Corpora Halogenia (salt-making substances) for the elements chlorine, iodine, and fluorine. See: Berzelius, Jacob (1826). Årsberättelser om Framstegen i Physik och Chemie [Annual Report on Progress in Physics and Chemistry] (in Swedish). 6. Stockholm, Sweden: P.A. Norstedt & Söner. p. 187. From p. 187: "De förre af dessa, d. ä. de electronegativa, dela sig i tre klasser: 1) den första innehåller kroppar, som förenade med de electropositiva, omedelbart frambringa salter, hvilka jag derför kallar Saltbildare (Corpora Halogenia). Desse utgöras af chlor, iod och fluor *)." (The first of them [i.e., elements], the electronegative [ones], are divided into three classes: 1) The first includes substances which, [when] united with electropositive [elements], immediately produce salts, and which I therefore name "salt-formers" (salt-producing substances). These are chlorine, iodine, and fluorine *).)
•  The word "halogen" appeared in English as early as 1832 (or earlier). See, for example: Berzelius, J.J. with A.D. Bache, trans., (1832) "An essay on chemical nomenclature, prefixed to the treatise on chemistry," The American Journal of Science and Arts, 22: 248–276 ; see, for example p. 263.
•  Page 43, Edexcel International GCSE chemistry revision guide, Curtis 2011
•  Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, p. 804.
•  Jim Clark (2011). "Assorted reactions of the halogens". Retrieved February 27, 2013.
•  Jim Clark (2002). "THE ACIDITY OF THE HYDROGEN HALIDES". Retrieved February 24, 2013.
•  "Facts about hydrogen fluoride". 2005. Archived from the original on 2013-02-01. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
•  "Hydrogen chloride". Retrieved February 24, 2013.
•  "Hydrogen bromide". Retrieved February 24, 2013.
•  "Poison Facts:Low Chemicals: Hydrogen Iodid". Retrieved 2015-04-12.
•  Saxena, P. B (2007). Chemistry Of Interhalogen Compounds. ISBN 9788183562430. Retrieved February 27, 2013.