Melting Point of the elements
نقطة الانصهار
تعني نقطة انصهار
العنصر أو المركب درجات الحرارة التي يكون فيها الشكل الصلب للعنصر أو المركب متوازنًا
مع الشكل السائل. عادة ما نفترض ضغط الهواء ليكون 1 جو.
على سبيل المثال: نقطة انصهار الماء هي 0 درجة مئوية
أو 273 درجة كلفن
-259.14
°C
|
Hydrogen
|
N/A
|
Helium
|
180.54
°C
|
Lithium
|
1287 °C
|
Beryllium
|
2075 °C
|
Boron
|
3550 °C
|
Carbon
|
-210.1
°C
|
Nitrogen
|
-218.3
°C
|
Oxygen
|
-219.6
°C
|
Fluorine
|
-248.59
°C
|
Neon
|
97.72 °C
|
Sodium
|
650 °C
|
Magnesium
|
660.32
°C
|
Aluminum
|
1414 °C
|
Silicon
|
44.2 °C
|
Phosphorus
|
115.21
°C
|
Sulfur
|
-101.5
°C
|
Chlorine
|
-189.3
°C
|
Argon
|
63.38 °C
|
Potassium
|
842 °C
|
Calcium
|
1541 °C
|
Scandium
|
1668 °C
|
Titanium
|
1910 °C
|
Vanadium
|
1907 °C
|
Chromium
|
1246 °C
|
Manganese
|
1538 °C
|
Iron
|
1495 °C
|
Cobalt
|
1455 °C
|
Nickel
|
1084.62
°C
|
Copper
|
419.53
°C
|
Zinc
|
29.76 °C
|
Gallium
|
938.3 °C
|
Germanium
|
817 °C
|
Arsenic
|
221 °C
|
Selenium
|
-7.3 °C
|
Bromine
|
-157.36
°C
|
Krypton
|
39.31 °C
|
Rubidium
|
777 °C
|
Strontium
|
1526 °C
|
Yttrium
|
1855 °C
|
Zirconium
|
2477 °C
|
Niobium
|
2623 °C
|
Molybdenum
|
2157 °C
|
Technetium
|
2334 °C
|
Ruthenium
|
1964 °C
|
Rhodium
|
1554.9
°C
|
Palladium
|
961.78
°C
|
Silver
|
321.07
°C
|
Cadmium
|
156.6 °C
|
Indium
|
231.93
°C
|
Tin
|
630.63
°C
|
Antimony
|
449.51
°C
|
Tellurium
|
113.7 °C
|
Iodine
|
-111.8
°C
|
Xenon
|
28.44 °C
|
Cesium
|
727 °C
|
Barium
|
919 °C
|
Lanthanum
|
798 °C
|
Cerium
|
931 °C
|
Praseodymium
|
1021 °C
|
Neodymium
|
1100 °C
|
Promethium
|
1072 °C
|
Samarium
|
822 °C
|
Europium
|
1313 °C
|
Gadolinium
|
1356 °C
|
Terbium
|
1412 °C
|
Dysprosium
|
1474 °C
|
Holmium
|
1497 °C
|
Erbium
|
1545 °C
|
Thulium
|
819 °C
|
Ytterbium
|
1663 °C
|
Lutetium
|
2233 °C
|
Hafnium
|
3017 °C
|
Tantalum
|
3422 °C
|
Tungsten
|
3186 °C
|
Rhenium
|
3033 °C
|
Osmium
|
2466 °C
|
Iridium
|
1768.3
°C
|
Platinum
|
1064.18
°C
|
Gold
|
-38.83
°C
|
Mercury
|
304 °C
|
Thallium
|
327.46
°C
|
Lead
|
271.3 °C
|
Bismuth
|
254 °C
|
Polonium
|
302 °C
|
Astatine
|
-71 °C
|
Radon
|
N/A
|
Francium
|
700 °C
|
Radium
|
1050 °C
|
Actinium
|
1750 °C
|
Thorium
|
1572 °C
|
Protactinium
|
1135 °C
|
Uranium
|
644 °C
|
Neptunium
|
640 °C
|
Plutonium
|
1176 °C
|
Americium
|
1345 °C
|
Curium
|
1050 °C
|
Berkelium
|
900 °C
|
Californium
|
860 °C
|
Einsteinium
|
1527 °C
|
Fermium
|
828 °C
|
Mendelevium
|
828 °C
|
Nobelium
|
1627 °C
|
Lawrencium
|
N/A
|
Rutherfordium
|
N/A
|
Dubnium
|
N/A
|
Seaborgium
|
N/A
|
Bohrium
|
N/A
|
Hassium
|
N/A
|
Meitnerium
|
N/A
|
Darmstadtium
|
N/A
|
Roentgenium
|
N/A
|
Copernicium
|
N/A
|
Nihonium
|
N/A
|
Flerovium
|
N/A
|
Moscovium
|
N/A
|
Livermorium
|
N/A
|
Tennessine
|
N/A
|
Oganesson
|
لتحميل نقطة الانصهار للعناصر pdf اضغط هنا
المصادر:
1 A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's
Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992
2 G.W.C. Kaye and T.H. Laby in Tables of
physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993
3 Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook
of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4.121–4.123. ISBN
1439855110.
4 J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of
Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 3; Table 3.2 Physical
Constants of Inorganic Compounds
5 Hoffer, J. K.; Gardner, W. R.; Waterfield,
C. G.; Phillips, N. E. (April 1976). "Thermodynamic properties of 4He. II.
The bcc phase and the P-T and VT phase diagrams below 2 K". Journal of Low
Temperature Physics. 23 (1): 63–102. Bibcode:1976JLTP...23...63H.
doi:10.1007/BF00117245.
6 Lavrukhina, Avgusta Konstantinovna;
Pozdnyakov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (1970). Analytical Chemistry of
Technetium, Promethium, Astatine, and Francium. Translated by R. Kondor. Ann
Arbor–Humphrey Science Publishers. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-250-39923-9.
7 Holman, S. W.; Lawrence, R. R.; Barr, L. (1
January 1895). "Melting Points of Aluminum, Silver, Gold, Copper, and
Platinum". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 31:
218–233. doi:10.2307/20020628. JSTOR 20020628.
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