كثافة العناصر
Density of the elements
تشير كثافة العنصر إلى عدد وحدات الكتلة للعنصر الموجودة في حجم معين من الوسيط. تقليديا ، يتم التعبير عن الكثافة من خلال حرف RO باليونانية (مكتوب بصيغة r). في نظام SI يتم التعبير عن كثافة الوحدات بالكيلوجرام لكل متر مكعب (kg / m3). عادة ما يتم التعبير عن كثافة العنصر بيانياً بدرجات الحرارة وضغط الهواء ، لأن هاتين الخاصيتين تؤثران في الكثافة.
0.0899
g/l
|
Hydrogen
|
0.1785
g/l
|
Helium
|
0.535
g/cm3
|
Lithium
|
1.848
g/cm3
|
Beryllium
|
2.46
g/cm3
|
Boron
|
2.26
g/cm3
|
Carbon
|
1.251
g/l
|
Nitrogen
|
1.429
g/l
|
Oxygen
|
1.696
g/l
|
Fluorine
|
0.9 g/l
|
Neon
|
0.968
g/cm3
|
Sodium
|
1.738
g/cm3
|
Magnesium
|
2.7 g/cm3
|
Aluminum
|
2.33
g/cm3
|
Silicon
|
1.823
g/cm3
|
Phosphorus
|
1.96
g/cm3
|
Sulfur
|
3.214
g/l
|
Chlorine
|
1.784
g/l
|
Argon
|
0.856
g/cm3
|
Potassium
|
1.55
g/cm3
|
Calcium
|
2.985
g/cm3
|
Scandium
|
4.507
g/cm3
|
Titanium
|
6.11
g/cm3
|
Vanadium
|
7.19
g/cm3
|
Chromium
|
7.47
g/cm3
|
Manganese
|
7.874
g/cm3
|
Iron
|
8.9 g/cm3
|
Cobalt
|
8.908
g/cm3
|
Nickel
|
8.96
g/cm3
|
Copper
|
7.14
g/cm3
|
Zinc
|
5.904
g/cm3
|
Gallium
|
5.323
g/cm3
|
Germanium
|
5.727
g/cm3
|
Arsenic
|
4.819
g/cm3
|
Selenium
|
3.12
g/cm3
|
Bromine
|
3.75 g/l
|
Krypton
|
1.532
g/cm3
|
Rubidium
|
2.63
g/cm3
|
Strontium
|
4.472
g/cm3
|
Yttrium
|
6.511
g/cm3
|
Zirconium
|
8.57
g/cm3
|
Niobium
|
10.28
g/cm3
|
Molybdenum
|
11.5
g/cm3
|
Technetium
|
12.37
g/cm3
|
Ruthenium
|
12.45
g/cm3
|
Rhodium
|
12.023
g/cm3
|
Palladium
|
10.49
g/cm3
|
Silver
|
8.65
g/cm3
|
Cadmium
|
7.31
g/cm3
|
Indium
|
7.31
g/cm3
|
Tin
|
6.697
g/cm3
|
Antimony
|
6.24
g/cm3
|
Tellurium
|
4.94
g/cm3
|
Iodine
|
5.9 g/l
|
Xenon
|
1.879
g/cm3
|
Cesium
|
3.51
g/cm3
|
Barium
|
6.146
g/cm3
|
Lanthanum
|
6.689
g/cm3
|
Cerium
|
6.64
g/cm3
|
Praseodymium
|
7.01
g/cm3
|
Neodymium
|
7.264
g/cm3
|
Promethium
|
7.353
g/cm3
|
Samarium
|
5.244
g/cm3
|
Europium
|
7.901
g/cm3
|
Gadolinium
|
8.219
g/cm3
|
Terbium
|
8.551
g/cm3
|
Dysprosium
|
8.795
g/cm3
|
Holmium
|
9.066
g/cm3
|
Erbium
|
9.32
g/cm3
|
Thulium
|
6.57
g/cm3
|
Ytterbium
|
9.841
g/cm3
|
Lutetium
|
13.31
g/cm3
|
Hafnium
|
16.65
g/cm3
|
Tantalum
|
19.25
g/cm3
|
Tungsten
|
21.02
g/cm3
|
Rhenium
|
22.59
g/cm3
|
Osmium
|
22.56
g/cm3
|
Iridium
|
21.45
g/cm3
|
Platinum
|
19.3
g/cm3
|
Gold
|
13.534
g/cm3
|
Mercury
|
11.85
g/cm3
|
Thallium
|
11.34
g/cm3
|
Lead
|
9.78
g/cm3
|
Bismuth
|
9.196
g/cm3
|
Polonium
|
N/A
|
Astatine
|
9.73 g/l
|
Radon
|
N/A
|
Francium
|
5 g/cm3
|
Radium
|
10.07
g/cm3
|
Actinium
|
11.724
g/cm3
|
Thorium
|
15.37
g/cm3
|
Protactinium
|
19.05
g/cm3
|
Uranium
|
20.45
g/cm3
|
Neptunium
|
19.816
g/cm3
|
Plutonium
|
13.67
g/cm3
|
Americium
|
13.51
g/cm3
|
Curium
|
14.78
g/cm3
|
Berkelium
|
15.1
g/cm3
|
Californium
|
N/A
|
Einsteinium
|
N/A
|
Fermium
|
N/A
|
Mendelevium
|
N/A
|
Nobelium
|
N/A
|
Lawrencium
|
N/A
|
Rutherfordium
|
N/A
|
Dubnium
|
N/A
|
Seaborgium
|
N/A
|
Bohrium
|
N/A
|
Hassium
|
N/A
|
Meitnerium
|
N/A
|
Darmstadtium
|
N/A
|
Roentgenium
|
N/A
|
Copernicium
|
N/A
|
Nihonium
|
N/A
|
Flerovium
|
N/A
|
Moscovium
|
N/A
|
Livermorium
|
N/A
|
Tennessine
|
N/A
|
Oganesson
|
لتحميل كثافة العناصر pdf اضغط هنا
المصادر:
1 A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's
Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
2 D.R. Lide, (ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company
handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 77th
edition, 1996.
3 J.A. Dean (ed) in Lange's Handbook of
Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.
4 G.W.C. Kaye and T.H. Laby in Tables of
physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
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