نقطة الغليان للعناصر
Boiling Point of the elements
نقطة الغليان
تشير درجة غليان
العنصر أو المركب إلى درجة الحرارة التي يكون فيها شكل السائل لعنصر أو مركب متوازنًا
مع الشكل الغازي. عادة ما نفترض ضغط الهواء ليكون 1 جو.
على سبيل المثال:
درجة غليان الماء هي 100 درجة مئوية أو 373 كلفن.
عند نقطة الغليان
يكون ضغط البخار لعنصر أو مركب هو 1 جو.
-252.87
°C
|
Hydrogen
|
-268.93
°C
|
Helium
|
1342 °C
|
Lithium
|
2470 °C
|
Beryllium
|
4000 °C
|
Boron
|
4027 °C
|
Carbon
|
-195.79
°C
|
Nitrogen
|
-182.9
°C
|
Oxygen
|
-188.12
°C
|
Fluorine
|
-246.08
°C
|
Neon
|
883 °C
|
Sodium
|
1090 °C
|
Magnesium
|
2519 °C
|
Aluminum
|
2900 °C
|
Silicon
|
280.5 °C
|
Phosphorus
|
444.72
°C
|
Sulfur
|
-34.04
°C
|
Chlorine
|
-185.8
°C
|
Argon
|
759 °C
|
Potassium
|
1484 °C
|
Calcium
|
2830 °C
|
Scandium
|
3287 °C
|
Titanium
|
3407 °C
|
Vanadium
|
2671 °C
|
Chromium
|
2061 °C
|
Manganese
|
2861 °C
|
Iron
|
2927 °C
|
Cobalt
|
2913 °C
|
Nickel
|
2562 °C
|
Copper
|
907 °C
|
Zinc
|
2204 °C
|
Gallium
|
2820 °C
|
Germanium
|
614 °C
|
Arsenic
|
685 °C
|
Selenium
|
59 °C
|
Bromine
|
-153.22
°C
|
Krypton
|
688 °C
|
Rubidium
|
1382 °C
|
Strontium
|
3345 °C
|
Yttrium
|
4409 °C
|
Zirconium
|
4744 °C
|
Niobium
|
4639 °C
|
Molybdenum
|
4265 °C
|
Technetium
|
4150 °C
|
Ruthenium
|
3695 °C
|
Rhodium
|
2963 °C
|
Palladium
|
2162 °C
|
Silver
|
767 °C
|
Cadmium
|
2072 °C
|
Indium
|
2602 °C
|
Tin
|
1587 °C
|
Antimony
|
988 °C
|
Tellurium
|
184.3 °C
|
Iodine
|
-108 °C
|
Xenon
|
671 °C
|
Cesium
|
1870 °C
|
Barium
|
3464 °C
|
Lanthanum
|
3360 °C
|
Cerium
|
3290 °C
|
Praseodymium
|
3100 °C
|
Neodymium
|
3000 °C
|
Promethium
|
1803 °C
|
Samarium
|
1527 °C
|
Europium
|
3250 °C
|
Gadolinium
|
3230 °C
|
Terbium
|
2567 °C
|
Dysprosium
|
2700 °C
|
Holmium
|
2868 °C
|
Erbium
|
1950 °C
|
Thulium
|
1196 °C
|
Ytterbium
|
3402 °C
|
Lutetium
|
4603 °C
|
Hafnium
|
5458 °C
|
Tantalum
|
5555 °C
|
Tungsten
|
5596 °C
|
Rhenium
|
5012 °C
|
Osmium
|
4428 °C
|
Iridium
|
3825 °C
|
Platinum
|
2856 °C
|
Gold
|
356.73
°C
|
Mercury
|
1473 °C
|
Thallium
|
1749 °C
|
Lead
|
1564 °C
|
Bismuth
|
962 °C
|
Polonium
|
N/A
|
Astatine
|
-61.7 °C
|
Radon
|
N/A
|
Francium
|
1737 °C
|
Radium
|
3200 °C
|
Actinium
|
4820 °C
|
Thorium
|
4000 °C
|
Protactinium
|
3927 °C
|
Uranium
|
4000 °C
|
Neptunium
|
3230 °C
|
Plutonium
|
2011 °C
|
Americium
|
3110 °C
|
Curium
|
N/A
|
Berkelium
|
N/A
|
Californium
|
N/A
|
Einsteinium
|
N/A
|
Fermium
|
N/A
|
Mendelevium
|
N/A
|
Nobelium
|
N/A
|
Lawrencium
|
N/A
|
Rutherfordium
|
N/A
|
Dubnium
|
N/A
|
Seaborgium
|
N/A
|
Bohrium
|
N/A
|
Hassium
|
N/A
|
Meitnerium
|
N/A
|
Darmstadtium
|
N/A
|
Roentgenium
|
N/A
|
Copernicium
|
N/A
|
Nihonium
|
N/A
|
Flerovium
|
N/A
|
Moscovium
|
N/A
|
Livermorium
|
N/A
|
Tennessine
|
N/A
|
Oganesson
|
المصادر:
1 Zhang Y; Evans JRG and Zhang S (2011).
"Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of
Elements in Handbooks". J. Chem. Eng. Data. 56 (2): 328–337.
doi:10.1021/je1011086.
2 A.M. James; M.P. Lord (1992). Macmillan's
Chemical and Physical Data. London: Macmillan. ISBN 9780333511671.
3 G.W.C. Kaye; T. H. Laby (1993). Tables of
physical and chemical constants (15th ed.). London: Longman.
4 Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook
of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4.121–4.123. ISBN
978-1439855119.
5 J.A. Dean, ed. (1999). Lange's Handbook of
Chemistry (15th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Section 3; Table 3.2 Physical Constants of
Inorganic Compounds. ISBN 978-0-07016384-3.
6 Otozai, K.; Takahashi, N. (1982).
"Estimation Chemical Form Boiling Point Elementary Astatine by Radio Gas
Chromatography". Radiochimica Acta. 31 (3–4): 201–203.
doi:10.1524/ract.1982.31.34.201.
7 Lavrukhina, Avgusta Konstantinovna;
Pozdnyakov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (1970). Analytical Chemistry of
Technetium, Promethium, Astatine, and Francium. Translated by R. Kondor. Ann
Arbor–Humphrey Science Publishers. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-250-39923-9.
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