وفرة العناصر في الشمس
Abundance of elements in the sun
75%
|
Hydrogen
|
23%
|
Helium
|
6×10-9%
|
Lithium
|
1×10-8%
|
Beryllium
|
2×10-7%
|
Boron
|
0.3%
|
Carbon
|
0.1%
|
Nitrogen
|
0.9%
|
Oxygen
|
0.00005%
|
Fluorine
|
0.1%
|
Neon
|
0.004%
|
Sodium
|
0.07%
|
Magnesium
|
0.006%
|
Aluminum
|
0.09%
|
Silicon
|
0.0007%
|
Phosphorus
|
0.04%
|
Sulfur
|
0.0008%
|
Chlorine
|
0.007%
|
Argon
|
0.0004%
|
Potassium
|
0.007%
|
Calcium
|
4×10-6%
|
Scandium
|
0.0004%
|
Titanium
|
0.00004%
|
Vanadium
|
0.002%
|
Chromium
|
0.001%
|
Manganese
|
0.1%
|
Iron
|
0.0004%
|
Cobalt
|
0.008%
|
Nickel
|
0.00007%
|
Copper
|
0.0002%
|
Zinc
|
4×10-6%
|
Gallium
|
0.00002%
|
Germanium
|
N/A
|
Arsenic
|
N/A
|
Selenium
|
N/A
|
Bromine
|
N/A
|
Krypton
|
3×10-6%
|
Rubidium
|
5×10-6%
|
Strontium
|
9.9×10-7%
|
Yttrium
|
4×10-6%
|
Zirconium
|
4×10-7%
|
Niobium
|
9×10-7%
|
Molybdenum
|
0%
|
Technetium
|
5×10-7%
|
Ruthenium
|
2×10-7%
|
Rhodium
|
3×10-7%
|
Palladium
|
1×10-7%
|
Silver
|
6×10-7%
|
Cadmium
|
4×10-7%
|
Indium
|
9×10-7%
|
Tin
|
1×10-7%
|
Antimony
|
N/A
|
Tellurium
|
N/A
|
Iodine
|
N/A
|
Xenon
|
8×10-7%
|
Cesium
|
9.9×10-7%
|
Barium
|
2×10-7%
|
Lanthanum
|
4×10-7%
|
Cerium
|
1×10-7%
|
Praseodymium
|
3×10-7%
|
Neodymium
|
0%
|
Promethium
|
1×10-7%
|
Samarium
|
5×10-8%
|
Europium
|
2×10-7%
|
Gadolinium
|
1×10-8%
|
Terbium
|
2×10-7%
|
Dysprosium
|
0%
|
Holmium
|
1×10-7%
|
Erbium
|
2×10-8%
|
Thulium
|
1×10-7%
|
Ytterbium
|
1×10-7%
|
Lutetium
|
1×10-7%
|
Hafnium
|
N/A
|
Tantalum
|
4×10-7%
|
Tungsten
|
1×10-8%
|
Rhenium
|
2×10-7%
|
Osmium
|
2×10-7%
|
Iridium
|
9×10-7%
|
Platinum
|
1×10-7%
|
Gold
|
2×10-6%
|
Mercury
|
1×10-7%
|
Thallium
|
9.9×10-7%
|
Lead
|
9.9×10-7%
|
Bismuth
|
N/A
|
Polonium
|
N/A
|
Astatine
|
N/A
|
Radon
|
N/A
|
Francium
|
N/A
|
Radium
|
0%
|
Actinium
|
3×10-8%
|
Thorium
|
N/A
|
Protactinium
|
1×10-7%
|
Uranium
|
0%
|
Neptunium
|
0%
|
Plutonium
|
0%
|
Americium
|
0%
|
Curium
|
0%
|
Berkelium
|
0%
|
Californium
|
0%
|
Einsteinium
|
0%
|
Fermium
|
0%
|
Mendelevium
|
0%
|
Nobelium
|
0%
|
Lawrencium
|
0%
|
Rutherfordium
|
0%
|
Dubnium
|
0%
|
Seaborgium
|
0%
|
Bohrium
|
0%
|
Hassium
|
0%
|
Meitnerium
|
0%
|
Darmstadtium
|
0%
|
Roentgenium
|
0%
|
Copernicium
|
0%
|
Nihonium
|
0%
|
Flerovium
|
0%
|
Moscovium
|
0%
|
Livermorium
|
0%
|
Tennessine
|
0%
|
Oganesson
|
لتحميل وفرة العناصر في الشمس pdf اضغط هنا
المصادر:
1 Average Sun; outer layers of Sun are 10%
lower in He; values in parenthesis are defined as uncertain by Grevesse and
Sauval (1998).
2 Manuel, O., editor. Origin of Elements in
the Solar System: Implications of Post-1957 Observations. New York: Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 2000.
3 Palme, H., and H. Beer. "Meteorites and
the Composition of the Solar Photosphere." pp. 204–206 in
Landolt–Börnstein—Group VI: Astronomy and Astrophysics. Edited by H. H. Voigt.
New York: Springer–Verlag, 1993. doi:10.1007/10057790_59
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