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وفرة جميع العناصر الكيميائية في الشمس Abundance of elements in the sun

وفرة العناصر في الشمس  Abundance of elements in the sun


وفرة العناصر في الشمس
Abundance of elements in the sun



75%
Hydrogen
23%
Helium
6×10-9%
Lithium
1×10-8%
Beryllium
2×10-7%
Boron
0.3%
Carbon
0.1%
Nitrogen
0.9%
Oxygen
0.00005%
Fluorine
0.1%
Neon
0.004%
Sodium
0.07%
Magnesium
0.006%
Aluminum
0.09%
Silicon
0.0007%
Phosphorus
0.04%
Sulfur
0.0008%
Chlorine
0.007%
Argon
0.0004%
Potassium
0.007%
Calcium
4×10-6%
Scandium
0.0004%
Titanium
0.00004%
Vanadium
0.002%
Chromium
0.001%
Manganese
0.1%
Iron
0.0004%
Cobalt
0.008%
Nickel
0.00007%
Copper
0.0002%
Zinc
4×10-6%
Gallium
0.00002%
Germanium
N/A
Arsenic
N/A
Selenium
N/A
Bromine
N/A
Krypton
3×10-6%
Rubidium
5×10-6%
Strontium
9.9×10-7%
Yttrium
4×10-6%
Zirconium
4×10-7%
Niobium
9×10-7%
Molybdenum
0%
Technetium
5×10-7%
Ruthenium
2×10-7%
Rhodium
3×10-7%
Palladium
1×10-7%
Silver
6×10-7%
Cadmium
4×10-7%
Indium
9×10-7%
Tin
1×10-7%
Antimony
N/A
Tellurium
N/A
Iodine
N/A
Xenon
8×10-7%
Cesium
9.9×10-7%
Barium
2×10-7%
Lanthanum
4×10-7%
Cerium
1×10-7%
Praseodymium
3×10-7%
Neodymium
0%
Promethium
1×10-7%
Samarium
5×10-8%
Europium
2×10-7%
Gadolinium
1×10-8%
Terbium
2×10-7%
Dysprosium
0%
Holmium
1×10-7%
Erbium
2×10-8%
Thulium
1×10-7%
Ytterbium
1×10-7%
Lutetium
1×10-7%
Hafnium
N/A
Tantalum
4×10-7%
Tungsten
1×10-8%
Rhenium
2×10-7%
Osmium
2×10-7%
Iridium
9×10-7%
Platinum
1×10-7%
Gold
2×10-6%
Mercury
1×10-7%
Thallium
9.9×10-7%
Lead
9.9×10-7%
Bismuth
N/A
Polonium
N/A
Astatine
N/A
Radon
N/A
Francium
N/A
Radium
0%
Actinium
3×10-8%
Thorium
N/A
Protactinium
1×10-7%
Uranium
0%
Neptunium
0%
Plutonium
0%
Americium
0%
Curium
0%
Berkelium
0%
Californium
0%
Einsteinium
0%
Fermium
0%
Mendelevium
0%
Nobelium
0%
Lawrencium
0%
Rutherfordium
0%
Dubnium
0%
Seaborgium
0%
Bohrium
0%
Hassium
0%
Meitnerium
0%
Darmstadtium
0%
Roentgenium
0%
Copernicium
0%
Nihonium
0%
Flerovium
0%
Moscovium
0%
Livermorium
0%
Tennessine
0%
Oganesson

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المصادر:

1 Average Sun; outer layers of Sun are 10% lower in He; values in parenthesis are defined as uncertain by Grevesse and Sauval (1998).
2 Manuel, O., editor. Origin of Elements in the Solar System: Implications of Post-1957 Observations. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
3 Palme, H., and H. Beer. "Meteorites and the Composition of the Solar Photosphere." pp. 204–206 in Landolt–Börnstein—Group VI: Astronomy and Astrophysics. Edited by H. H. Voigt. New York: Springer–Verlag, 1993. doi:10.1007/10057790_59



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