Abundance of elements in the ocean
11%
|
Hydrogen
|
7.2×10-10%
|
Helium
|
0.000018%
|
Lithium
|
6×10-11%
|
Beryllium
|
0.00044%
|
Boron
|
0.0028%
|
Carbon
|
0.00005%
|
Nitrogen
|
86%
|
Oxygen
|
0.00013%
|
Fluorine
|
1.2×10-8%
|
Neon
|
1.1%
|
Sodium
|
0.13%
|
Magnesium
|
5×10-7%
|
Aluminum
|
0.0001%
|
Silicon
|
7×10-6%
|
Phosphorus
|
0.093%
|
Sulfur
|
2%
|
Chlorine
|
0.000045%
|
Argon
|
0.042%
|
Potassium
|
0.00042%
|
Calcium
|
1.5×10-10%
|
Scandium
|
1×10-7%
|
Titanium
|
1.5×10-7%
|
Vanadium
|
6×10-8%
|
Chromium
|
2×10-7%
|
Manganese
|
3×10-7%
|
Iron
|
8×10-9%
|
Cobalt
|
2×10-7%
|
Nickel
|
3×10-7%
|
Copper
|
5×10-7%
|
Zinc
|
3×10-9%
|
Gallium
|
6×10-9%
|
Germanium
|
2.3×10-7%
|
Arsenic
|
4.5×10-8%
|
Selenium
|
0.0066%
|
Bromine
|
2.1×10-8%
|
Krypton
|
0.000012%
|
Rubidium
|
0.0008%
|
Strontium
|
1.3×10-9%
|
Yttrium
|
2.6×10-9%
|
Zirconium
|
1×10-10%
|
Niobium
|
9.9×10-7%
|
Molybdenum
|
0%
|
Technetium
|
7×10-11%
|
Ruthenium
|
N/A
|
Rhodium
|
N/A
|
Palladium
|
1×10-8%
|
Silver
|
5×10-9%
|
Cadmium
|
1×10-11%
|
Indium
|
9.9×10-10%
|
Tin
|
2×10-8%
|
Antimony
|
N/A
|
Tellurium
|
6×10-6%
|
Iodine
|
5×10-10%
|
Xenon
|
5×10-8%
|
Cesium
|
3×10-6%
|
Barium
|
3.4×10-10%
|
Lanthanum
|
1.2×10-10%
|
Cerium
|
6×10-11%
|
Praseodymium
|
2.8×10-10%
|
Neodymium
|
0%
|
Promethium
|
4.5×10-11%
|
Samarium
|
1.3×10-11%
|
Europium
|
7×10-11%
|
Gadolinium
|
1.4×10-11%
|
Terbium
|
9.1×10-11%
|
Dysprosium
|
2.2×10-11%
|
Holmium
|
9×10-11%
|
Erbium
|
2×10-11%
|
Thulium
|
8×10-11%
|
Ytterbium
|
1.5×10-11%
|
Lutetium
|
8×10-10%
|
Hafnium
|
2×10-10%
|
Tantalum
|
1.2×10-8%
|
Tungsten
|
1×10-10%
|
Rhenium
|
N/A
|
Osmium
|
N/A
|
Iridium
|
N/A
|
Platinum
|
5×10-9%
|
Gold
|
5×10-9%
|
Mercury
|
1×10-10%
|
Thallium
|
3×10-9%
|
Lead
|
2×10-9%
|
Bismuth
|
2×10-18%
|
Polonium
|
0%
|
Astatine
|
6×10-20%
|
Radon
|
N/A
|
Francium
|
1×10-15%
|
Radium
|
N/A
|
Actinium
|
4×10-12%
|
Thorium
|
2×10-23%
|
Protactinium
|
3.3×10-7%
|
Uranium
|
0%
|
Neptunium
|
0%
|
Plutonium
|
0%
|
Americium
|
0%
|
Curium
|
0%
|
Berkelium
|
0%
|
Californium
|
0%
|
Einsteinium
|
0%
|
Fermium
|
0%
|
Mendelevium
|
0%
|
Nobelium
|
0%
|
Lawrencium
|
0%
|
Rutherfordium
|
0%
|
Dubnium
|
0%
|
Seaborgium
|
0%
|
Bohrium
|
0%
|
Hassium
|
0%
|
Meitnerium
|
0%
|
Darmstadtium
|
0%
|
Roentgenium
|
0%
|
Copernicium
|
0%
|
Nihonium
|
0%
|
Flerovium
|
0%
|
Moscovium
|
0%
|
Livermorium
|
0%
|
Tennessine
|
0%
|
Oganesson
|
لتحميل وفرة العناصر في المحيط pdf اضغط هنا
المصادر:
1 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 89th
Edition
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