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وفرة جميع العناصر الكيميائية في قشرة الأرض Abundance of elements in the earth's crust

وفرة  العناصر في  قشرة الأرض  Abundance of elements in the earth's crust


وفرة  العناصر في  قشرة الأرض
Abundance of elements in the earth's crust



0.15%
Hydrogen
5.5×10-7%
Helium
0.0017%
Lithium
0.00019%
Beryllium
0.00086%
Boron
0.18%
Carbon
0.002%
Nitrogen
46%
Oxygen
0.054%
Fluorine
3×10-7%
Neon
2.3%
Sodium
2.9%
Magnesium
8.1%
Aluminum
27%
Silicon
0.099%
Phosphorus
0.042%
Sulfur
0.017%
Chlorine
0.00015%
Argon
1.5%
Potassium
5%
Calcium
0.0026%
Scandium
0.66%
Titanium
0.019%
Vanadium
0.014%
Chromium
0.11%
Manganese
6.3%
Iron
0.003%
Cobalt
0.009%
Nickel
0.0068%
Copper
0.0078%
Zinc
0.0019%
Gallium
0.00014%
Germanium
0.00021%
Arsenic
5×10-6%
Selenium
0.0003%
Bromine
1.5×10-8%
Krypton
0.006%
Rubidium
0.036%
Strontium
0.0029%
Yttrium
0.013%
Zirconium
0.0017%
Niobium
0.00011%
Molybdenum
0%
Technetium
1×10-7%
Ruthenium
7×10-8%
Rhodium
6.3×10-7%
Palladium
7.9×10-6%
Silver
0.000015%
Cadmium
0.000016%
Indium
0.00022%
Tin
0.00002%
Antimony
1×10-7%
Tellurium
0.000049%
Iodine
2×10-9%
Xenon
0.00019%
Cesium
0.034%
Barium
0.0034%
Lanthanum
0.006%
Cerium
0.00086%
Praseodymium
0.0033%
Neodymium
0%
Promethium
0.0006%
Samarium
0.00018%
Europium
0.00052%
Gadolinium
0.000093%
Terbium
0.00062%
Dysprosium
0.00012%
Holmium
0.0003%
Erbium
0.000045%
Thulium
0.00028%
Ytterbium
0.000057%
Lutetium
0.00033%
Hafnium
0.00017%
Tantalum
0.00011%
Tungsten
2.6×10-7%
Rhenium
1.8×10-7%
Osmium
4×10-8%
Iridium
3.7×10-6%
Platinum
3.1×10-7%
Gold
6.7×10-6%
Mercury
0.000054%
Thallium
0.001%
Lead
2.5×10-6%
Bismuth
N/A
Polonium
0%
Astatine
N/A
Radon
N/A
Francium
1×10-11%
Radium
N/A
Actinium
0.0006%
Thorium
9.9×10-13%
Protactinium
0.00018%
Uranium
0%
Neptunium
0%
Plutonium
0%
Americium
0%
Curium
0%
Berkelium
0%
Californium
0%
Einsteinium
0%
Fermium
0%
Mendelevium
0%
Nobelium
0%
Lawrencium
0%
Rutherfordium
0%
Dubnium
0%
Seaborgium
0%
Bohrium
0%
Hassium
0%
Meitnerium
0%
Darmstadtium
0%
Roentgenium
0%
Copernicium
0%
Nihonium
0%
Flerovium
0%
Moscovium
0%
Livermorium
0%
Tennessine
0%
Oganesson


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المصادر:

1 Anderson, Don L.; "Chemical Composition of the Mantle", Theory of the Earth, pp. 147-175 ISBN 0865421234
2 David Kring, Composition of Earth's continental crust as inferred from the compositions of impact melt sheets, Lunar and Planetary Science XXVIII
3 "Elements, Terrestrial Abundance". www.daviddarling.info. Archived from the original on 10 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
4 Barbalace, Kenneth. "Periodic Table of Elements". Environmental Chemistry.com. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
5 "Abundance in Earth's Crust". WebElements.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
6 ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS IN THE EARTH’S CRUST AND IN THE SEA, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 97th edition (2016–2017), p. 14-17
7 Commodity Statistics and Information. USGS. All production numbers are for mines, except for Al, Cd, Fe, Ge, In, N, Se (plants, refineries), S (all forms) and As, Br, Mg, Si (unspecified). Data for B, K, Ti, Y are given not for the pure element but for the most common oxide, data for Na and Cl are for NaCl. For many elements like Si, Al, data are ambiguous (many forms produced) and are taken for the pure element. U data is pure element required for consumption by current reactor fleet.


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